Singapore buying a car

Singapore buying a car Executive Summary The main objective of this project is to find exposed of the diverse factors influencing on the consumer decision and consumer behaviour while buying a car in the age group of 25 to 50 in the city of Singapore. On the deeply discussion on the background its talk about various factors that guides us to understand this research and study and how and to whom and where this project report will benefit. Objectives talks about the different types of the data which could be generate by the research project and how these data is relevant. (Srivastava). The automobile industry in Singapore has shown a great potential in manufacturing an innovative and creative car, but from last two to three years registarion of the new vehicle in Singapores decline has worsened , rather than showing the sign of recovery its going down. Sales of 2009 looked like off to a poor start Q109 falling 12% as compared to the same period last year. According to the statistics analysis by the motors traders ‘ association of Singapore declair that by october sale was running 25% lower than the first 10 months of last year at 76,408 units.In 10M09 , Toyota Motors , Lexus brand , the overall market also got off to poor start with a only 25% share of new consumer vehicale registration is done. And that time after toyota Honda motors place the second with 14% of market share , third is hundai with 10.3% market share (Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010, 2010). There are so many up and downs in atomobiles industries . Due to these changes in automobile industry market, there is a need to identify and find out the reason for change of the consumer purchasing pattern . And this study aims to conclude the infuencing factor of consumer decion while buying a car in a age gruop of 25 to 50 in the city of China town. For this project we are totaly concentrated on the consumer behavior and the focus group of the people. And i was trying to find out the what consumer wants the specific quality in their car (Srivastava). And after analysis we get the result that people are highly involved in the purchase decision of a car. Introduction Singapore is most important profitable hub in the Asian cub-continent. One of the most leading industries in Singapore is Automobile industries. It is one of the leading and most stylish in Asia and in whole world which provides an innovative and latest technology not only in country but also to the global market. Many of the biggest and large automobile industries are depend on the Singapore automobile industries (Jackman, 2010). Singapore market offers opportunities in the automobile company, which continue to grow. Recent investment reflects the importance of Singapore as a major manufacturing base, especially for the production of higher value added engineering system. Many multinational corporations set up international offices for source high quality and competitively proved automotive parts. They all have established headquarters in Singapore to coordinate manufacturing and distribution operation for region (Singapore, 2008) The automobile industries in Singapore has shown enormous potential for intensification from last few years and its also helped in strengthening the countrys trade dealings with America and Europe (Jackman, 2010). In 2008 the market trend of new vehicle registration in Singapore finished Q109 by 12%. This was the sign of improvement. But in 2009 the number of the registration became limited to 73,830 compared with registration of 97,348 cars last years (Singapore Autos Report , 2004). We had just gone through recently published report on Singapore Automobile industry , and according to that report , compare to last decaes 2009 gots very poor trend in automobile industries. Rather than recovery its going down. At the beginning of 2009 it gots off to poor start , ragistration falls down 12% as compared to last decaes (Just Published: Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010, 2010). There was then a dramatic additonal degeneration in Q209, which decipher into a 20.7% y-o-y fall in new car registration for H109 , to a volume of 49, 619, according to statistics complies by the MTAS (Motor Traders Asscoication of Singapore). The severe worsening in sales dimensions and new automobile registrations has beaded expectations, especially prearranged a financial incentive packge reveal by Singapores authorities and the contribution of incentives by delaership to clear accumulation inventories. Against these conditions, BMI (Business Monitor International ) has formerly again amend our forecasts for 2009 downwards. According to forcasting it assumed that new vehicle registation in 2010 is for rise of 3.2% y-o-y , to a total of 94,644 registrations. Howerver lack of trading and registration of new vehicle in singapore placed third in 2009 in production. Toyota, honda, all these are very reputed and famous brand . in last decades overall market for Toyota is only 25% share, which ranked first placed , Honda motors sits in second place with a market share of 14%. Hundai is in third place with 10.3% up from 9% in H109. Kia is fourth with 6.6% , up from 4.8% in H109, while Nissan (5.6%) is fifth (Just Published: Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010, 2010). Models of Car in Singapore automobile industries Maruti Cars Maruti Cars Hyundai Cars Hyundai Cars Honda Cars Honda Cars Tata Cars Tata Cars Chevrolet Cars Chevrolet Cars Ford Cars Ford Cars Toyota Cars Toyota Cars Mahindra Cars Mahindra Cars Skoda Cars Skoda Cars Audi Cars Audi Cars bentley Cars Bentley Cars BMW Cars BMW Cars Fiat Cars Fiat Cars Hindustan Motors Cars Hindustan Motors Cars ICML Cars ICML Cars Jaguar Cars Jaguar Cars Lamborghini Cars Lamborghini Cars Land Rover Cars Land Rover Cars Mahindra Renault Cars Mahindra Renault Cars Maybach Cars Maybach Cars Mercedes Benz Cars Mercedes Benz Cars Mitsubishi Cars Mitsubishi Cars Nissan Cars Nissan Cars Porsche Cars Porsche Cars Premier Cars Premier Cars Reva Cars Reva Cars Rolls Royce Cars Rolls Royce Cars San Motors Cars San Motors Cars Volkswagen Cars Volkswagen Cars Volvo Cars Volvo Cars Theoretical framework Consumer Buying Behavior Consumer behavior is a challenging task to analyze the consumer. It depends upon the choice of customer what they want to buy and what they dont want to buy. This influences us to analyze better on consumer decision making process. Its necessary to know how the consumer is making the decision at time of purchasing the product. Every person has its own choices, ideas, psychology for buying a product. When I came to know about the project on consumer buying behavior I found it very interesting achievement for me as guided by my professor I got the success to complete the given task. (Consumer Buying Behavior) Why customers buy products? As we all know that a consumer buy product to satisfy the needs and his desire .some of its needs are necessary for our daily routine life and some needs are based on the customer demand. For buying a car a customer needs influences about the car. There are two types of car:- Internal influences External influences I have include both type of influences in my survey Following are the sources where a consumer gets information: Personal sources-family, friends, neighbors etc. Commercial sources: advertising; salespeople; retailers; dealers; packaging; point-of-sale displays. Public sources: newspapers, radio, television, consumer organizations; specialist magazines Experiential sources: handling, examining, using the produce How do consumers buy? This model is used for making marketing decision. It used in buying process rather than for purchasing. In first step the consumer identifies the requirement of needs. At this step consumer analyze that we should buy a car or not. After this the searching of getting information starts. A consumer more influence buy the word of mouth coming out rather than other sources like advertising, internet etc. After this its important that how does the customer use the information obtained. This is an important aspect that how a consumer analyze the information received. High-involvement purchases include those involving high expenditure or personal risk for example a car. Why should a marketer need to understand the customer evaluation process? The answer lies in the kind of information that the marketing team needs to provide consumer in different buying situations. In high-involvement decisions, the marketer needs to provide a good deal of information about the positive consequences of buying. The sales force may need to stress the important attributes of the product, the advantages compared with the competition; and maybe even encourage â€Å"trial† or â€Å"sampling† of the product in the hope of securing the sale. Post-purchase evaluation Cognitive Dissonance This is a final target of consumer post-purchase evaluation of the decision. A consumer needs to take experience of all its concern after making a decision. This is known as â€Å"cognitive dissonance†. For managing the job of post purchase it is compulsory for the marketing team to influence the maximum potential consumer that the product will satisfy its needs. After the purchase of product the consumer should encourage that it had made a correct decision. According to my survey; Which model of car do you own? * Which factor is most important to you while choosing a car? Cross tabulation Count Which factor is most important to you while choosing a car? Brand Image Price after sale services Good mileage Superior quality Overall body look Others Total Which model of car do you own? TOYOTA 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 HYUNDAI 1 22 9 0 0 0 0 32 HONDA 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 18 CHEVROLET 0 0 4 7 1 0 0 12 Others 0 0 0 0 3 5 3 11 Total 28 22 31 7 4 5 3 100 My aim is to know about the main perception of consumer about the car. According to the above mentioned table and my survey first main focus of the consumer is the brand image after that price comes and third sale -service comes. In china consumers are basically focusing on luxury cars because brand image is most important for buying a car. I want to know about the customer perception about car, after analyzing the table we conclude that for purchasing a car most of customers focuses on first Brand image second Price and third on after sale services. In china town city customer likes to spend their money on luxury car because brand image is most important for buying a car. Focus Group: In focus groups, a moderator uses a scripted series of questions or topics to lead a discussion among a group of people. These sessions take place at neutral locations, usually at facilities with videotaping equipment and an observation room with one-way mirrors. A focus group usually lasts one to two hours, and it takes at least three groups to get balanced results. Focus group is also called as group discussion or group interview we could say that interaction between the one or more respondent and one or more researchers for collecting the research data (Focus Groups) .Focus group is generally talks about the * How group of people talks about their interest. * motivate new ideas * exploratory research How to conduct a focus group? For conducting a focus group there are few steps which we have to follow for achieving accurate and satisfactory results. 1. Define Purpose: Defining purpose means for starting a project first we need to understand why we are doing this project. To find out what is thinking of people? And why do we want to know that? If we able to understand these three question it will make our prices easier to go to next step. We need to be clear about our project. Purpose of my project is that I want to know about the consumer buying behavior and at the time of purchasing a car how customer make purchasing decisions? 2. Establish timelines: A focus group cannot be generating overnight. We should start planning for each and every stage of Process. For our project we gather the information about the Singapore car industries. We develop the questionnaire, and fixed the deadline for that. 3. Invite the participant : In my project I have develop 15 questions. And I have done 100 questionnaires. 4. Create questionnaire and select location: I have design 15 question. Some are the personal questions and some are questions related to a car. And for our survey I had chosen Singapore. Age * Gender Cross tabulation Count Gender Male Female Total Age 18 to 25 10 0 10 26 to 35 28 0 28 36 to 50 29 16 45 Above 50 0 17 17 Total 67 33 100 I have focus 26 to 50 age group of people. I got 100 respondent apart from 100 their 67 % are male and rest are females. 45 % of people comes under the 36 top 50 age group were 29 are male and rest are females. According to survey we calculate that 73 % of respondent are from 26 to 50 age group were 57 % are male and 16 % are female. Age * Occupation Crosstab Count Occupation Student Housewife Professional Self Employed Executive IT/ BPO Others Total Age 18 to 25 6 4 0 0 0 10 26 to 35 0 3 25 0 0 28 36 to 50 0 0 23 22 0 45 Above 50 0 0 0 7 10 17 Total 6 7 48 29 10 100 The above table shows the relation between the age and occupation. According to our survey there are 45 % of respondent from 36 to 50 age of group and their occupations are professionals and self employed. Means income level must be high in this group of people. And they can buy luxury and branded car. Postal Questionnaire Questionnaire is a list of written questions, there are two types of questionnaire, first were respondent could asked to complete the question with researcher not present, these types of questionnaire is called as postal questionnaire. And secondly respondent could asked to complete question with research present is called as structured interview (Sociological Research Skills). Questionnaires are restricted two types: Close ended: In this type researcher provides a list of suitable response (Sociological Research Skills). Open ended: in this type researcher not provide any suitable list of response to the response dent .respondent asked to write the answer in their own way (Sociological ResearchSkills). For my project I am using postal questionnaire because I am a student and I am not able to go each and every places of Singapore. One of the most reliable methods of research is postal questionnaire, because it is very easy for me to standardize and analyze the questions. Each respondent answered exactly same question. And I am using close ended questioner in this type there is no misinterpret of answer. Because respondent are restricted to give only multiple choices answer (Sociological Research Skills). Sample of Questions: Postal Questionnaire Name: ________________ Age: ___________________ Gender: M/F Occupation: ______________ Income: __________________ 1. Which model of car do you own? Toyota Hyundai Honda Chevrolet Others 2. Which factor is most important to you while choosing a car? Brand Image Price After Sales Services Good Mileage Superior Quality Overall Body Look Others 3. Which color would you prefer? White Black Silver Gray Read Blue Others 4. How much will you be ready to spend on a car? $48,999 to $51,999 $52,099 to $92,299 $93,000 to $147,000 $150,800 to $187,800 Above $187,800 5. Would you be ready to pay premium charges for additional services? Yes_______ No________ Totally satisfied Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Very dissatisfied Totally dissatisfied 6. SATISFACTION ABOUT THE SHOWROOM a) How satisfied are you with the ease of contacting the person who is entertaining you? b) How satisfied are you with the way problems were solved? c) How satisfied are you with information clarity about the car? d) How much are you satisfied with the products and services offered by Dealer? e) According to you how much are you satisfied with after sales services of the company? f) Were you satisfied with the extra benefits provided by the dealer/sales person? g) How much are you satisfied with the finance service provided here? (Where totally satisfied means 5 points, very satisfied 4, somewhat satisfied 3, very dissatisfied 2 and totally dissatisfied means 1 point) 7. Do you think that the delivery of cars was made in time? YES_____ NO_____ 8. Are you satisfied with staff working here? YES____ NO______ 9. Do you think the staff working here has proper knowledge? YES_____ NO_____ DONT KNOW______ 10. Before buying a car from here were you offered a test drive? YES_____ NO_____ 11. What was that single most important reason for initially buying the car of this brand or from this dealer? Advertisements Recommended by others Location Quality product 5 4 3 2 1 12. On a scale of 1 to 5 how would you rate you overall purchase experience? 13. Based on your overall experience how likely would you be to purchase another vehicle of this brand/dealer, if you have to replace within a year? Definitely would Probably would Might be or not Probably would not Definitely would not 14. How much are you satisfied with the performance off your car? Totally satisfied _____ Very satisfied _____ Somewhat satisfied ______ Very dissatisfied ______ Totally dissatisfied ______ 15. Do you think that your car is better than cars of others companies in this segment? Yes____ no____ Anaysis : Form finding I anlyse that purchsing a car consumer get anxiety because its not a product which used in day to day life , mostly people purchaed occasionally. And often purchase process involves the negotiation with dealer or sles person , Which need to gather lots of infromation regarding car. Most of consumer spend their lots of tim at buying because its high economy and stress could be high. According to 100 survey with singaporean , consumer ranked the following factors which are most important for taking decion for buying car. * Sales after service * Brand image * Vehicle relaibilty * Driving performance * Saftey rating * Car price infromation According to my survey Singapore car are cheapest in reality market place, compared to USA, japan , and European countries because of singapore Government ploicy. There are 100 of automobiles dealers in singapore who provides the aggressive and superior services to owners of car. Conclusion and Recommendations Since Singapore Automobile industry market is continuously in the prowl of swelling as a biggest car manufacturer, people are like to buy car as there is growth of income of normal people as well as preferences of consumer. It is very important for the car dealer or car manufacturer to understand the different feature affecting the amount in car buying behavior. According to finding and analysis of data about the consumer satisfaction of showroom its rated as 3. its consist the information provided by dealer or sales person ; service after sale, before buying allow for test drive, providing extra premium changes; and latest technology are mostly affecting the car procuring behavior. People are most conscious about spot information which is given by dealer and sales person who serves according to needs and want of the each and every customer. Sales after services, safety, brand image and reasonable price are one of the important factors for consumer. Factor two contain family needs wh ich includes income level, brand image, insurance facility, credit card acceptance is also affects the customer car procuring decisions. Factor three contains location of car dealer shop, looks availability of services provided by car dealer. Overall various internal and external factors like extra facilities , infrastructure of showroom ,location of showroom, various information provided by car dealer , promotions and media , features of car , latest technology, its all contributing in making car buying behavior of costumer. Bibliography Carmen Moreno, M. R. (n.d.). FOCUS GROUP RESEARCH REPORT. National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute . Chung, J. W. (2003). Marketing in Singapore: Macro Trends and their Implications for marketing management. Focus Group Fundamentals. (2004, May). Methodology Brief . Focus Groups. (n.d.). Research Consultation Guidelines . Jackman, L. (2010). Automotive Industry In Singapore. Retrieved February wedness, 2010, from ABC Article Directory : http://www.abcarticledirectory.com/Article/Automotive-Industry-In-Singapore/84713 Just Published: Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010. (2010, january). Retrieved february monday, 2010, from PR- Inside.com : http://www.pr-inside.com/just-published-singapore-autos-report-r1652208.htm Singapore. (2008, May). USAutoTeam.org . Singapore Autos Report . (2004). Retrieved February Tuesaday, 2010, from Bharat Book Bureau: http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Singapore-Autos-Report.html Singapore Autos Report Q1 2010. (2010). (Aroq Ltd) Retrieved February monday, 2010, from Just Auto: http://www.just-auto.com/store/product.aspx?id=83575 Sociological Research Skills. (n.d.). Research Methods , 4. Srivastava, A. K. (n.d.). Marketing Research Project on. Consumer Buying Behavior. (n.d.). Simon, J. S. (1999). How to conduct a focus group. 10. Basics of Conducting Focus Groups. (1997-2010). Retrieved February Monday, 2010, from http://managementhelp.org/evaluatn/focusgrp.htm Focus group. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_group Focus Group Transcription. (2006). Retrieved January Wednessday, 2010, from Transciption star: http://www.transcriptionstar.com/focus-group.html Focus groups how to run them. (2006, June). (Webcredible, 99 Mansell Street, London, E1 8AX, U) Retrieved February Tuesday, 2010, from Webcredible: http://www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendly-resources/web-usability/focus-groups.shtml Focus Groups . (2000). Retrieved January Monday, 2010, from Six Sigma: http://www.isixsigma.com/vc/focus_groups/ Consumer Behavior Articles. (1995-2009). Retrieved February 22, Monday, 2010, from Science daily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/mind_brain/consumer_behavior/ Marketing: Consumer Behavior. (n.d.). Retrieved February Monday, 2010, from Working Knowledge: http://hbswk.hbs.edu/topics/all-consumerbehavior.html.

The notes of a confused college student

To encourage students to evolve their analytical skills. To enable students to: Define key concepts In the study of history Identify major factors shaping the development of the US Recognize causes and consequences of major changes in US history Cite key examples of major historical trends and patterns Discriminate between causal factors of primary importance and secondary importance. Evaluation 4 Exams will be given, each worth 15 points These exams will be multiple-choice in nature.The lowest grade will be dropped. This option makes make-up exams a rare exception) Daily quizzes will be given using the I-clicker, worth 10 total points Questions will be drawn from various sources If you attend class regularly these will be easy points 2 Primary source Analysis castles will be given, worth 5. (10 points toward total) These assignments will be group activities completed in class. The readings will be posted on Blackboard and each student will be responsible for their completion.On he d ay of the AS, you will come to class prepared to contribute to the group. Make- up Saga's will be given only on rare occasions. 2 Reading quizzes will be given, each worth 10 points These quizzes will be given In-class In conjunction with you readings of Bell and Moody. These quizzes will be written and will reflect your analysis of these readings. Text book readings will be worth 20 points total Once a week you will complete a reading assignment using the online connect.

Performance Criteria for Cavity Wall and Pitched Roof

Performance standards for pit wall and pitched roof Report Contentss Introduction Cavity Wall Block Insulation Brick Wall Neckties Plasterboard Mortar Elementss for a pit wall U-Values Decision Pitched Roof Types of Roof Coverings: There are two basic traditional types of pitched roof: The benefits of Trussed Rafters: Decision MentionsIntroductionThis assignment aims to explicate the troubles of public presentation standards for an external pit wall and a pitched roof of a domestic home. This assignment focal point on the information provided from the sanctioned document â€Å"Conservation of fuel and power in new dwellings† L1A The chief types of walls:Cavity Wall / Cavity walls lose less heat than solid walls, and are much easier to insulate.Solid Wall / constructed from one tegument of masonry built from brick/blockwork in this type of walls hard to accomplish high criterions of thermic insularity.Cavity WallThe pit wall is the external wall of a house constructed of two parallel walls ( two teguments ) , with a infinite of at least 50mm between them and filled with insularity by many different methods. The outer tegument, built from brick or blockwork. The interior tegument is normally of blockwork and joins the two walls together by metal tie resistant’s. The weathering is put in at suited topographic points to forestall the consequence of a prostration. The chief map of this external pit wall is to cut down heat loss by make fulling the pit with stuff that would halt heat transportation ; and as such well cut downing warming costs and condensation. Inside the house pit wall insularity regulates the heat indoors, so it will gives warming in winter and chilling in summer, protecting against moistness and mould growing and minimising sound transportation. A good pit wall entirely does non forestall the job of moistness ; to to the full proof a house a good thermal dielectric is besides recommended. This does nil for the outside of the belongings so there are some suggestions below to assist with the enterprise:BlockThe blockwork is made from organic minerals obtained from clay and natural stuffs, which gives the support and stableness for the edifice. Blocks are built foremost when get downing to construct a pit wall. The benefit of utilizing blocks is that it provides a higher degree of thermic mass. When it is good insulated it gives as efficient energy as lumber. There are many different types of blocks ; barricade type Thermalite Hi-Strength 7 Blocks with a measuring of 100mm has the U-Value of precisely 0.28 W/m2K for the external wall and has been chosen for those grounds.InsulationThe determination was made to utilize mineral wool insularity to carry through a 75mm pit wall dimension. This adds first-class public presentation i n relation to heat loss. Mineral wool has high quality glass and comparatively light weight. This will intend easiness of handling, cutting and installing. Mineral wool insularity is cost efficient which is 50 % lower than standard froth insularity. The efficient insularity will be measured for zero heat loss and it can be done by curtailing the air motion through the spread between the intern and outer walls. For a zero heat loss accomplishment the pit will necessitate to be to the full filled. An added benefit to this is the sound decrease belongingss of the merchandise. The limitation of air through the pit will besides impact on the sound ways seeking to pervade the walls. Brick The infinite between the bricks should be filled with howitzer to forestall any escape or structural troubles. The surplus should so be removed via cleansing to forestall added wet. As I have mentioned above, the brickwork is made from organic minerals gettable from clay and natural stuffs. This has the versatility of shadiness, coloring material and texture. Brick is an astonishing stuff to construct with ; it provides a delighting aesthetic to the house with a customizable coloring material. The natural stuffs in brick are chemically inserted so it does non lend to any air pollution in your place. Brick is besides fire opposition while being a stuff that is reclaimable and insulating. This allows for money to be saved by take downing heat addition and heat loss. For the usage of the bricks a measuring of 103mm brick will be considered for a pit wall of 75mm dimension. A to the full filled pit wall will cut down the heat loss in the edifice. The type of brick work selected will be stretcher bond because of the easiness of cutting that this stuff provides.Wall NecktiesNeckties when right fitted should incline downward from inner to outer wall. This helps to fore stall rain and other conditions related affair to traverse the pit. This will add another facet of wet protection for the interior of the house. For the 75mm pit wall ; 200mm wall ties were selected to be topographic points between the blocks and the bricks. The horizontal articulations will besides be attached to palisade ties, to give the wall more stableness. This will forestall the likeliness of impetus between the walls. The stuff will besides be made from unstained steel so as to forestall corrosion of the metal.PlasterboardLightweight Plaster ( Inner Finish )MortarThe determination was made to include a thin bed of howitzer to the brick/block work. This will:The build clip will be reduced because of the easiness they are constructed. Construction clip can be less than 60 proceedingss until the stuff is considered dry and ready for component installing.The stuff increases the thermic public presentation of the edifice and in so making will cut down the U-Values.The thin Mortar will better building qualityElementss for a pit wallThe undermentioned stuffs were chosen for the creative activity of a suited pit wall: 103mm brick Stretcher bond 75mm pit wall fully-filled with insularity 100mm block Thermalite Hi-Strength 7 200mm wall ties Thin Mortar bed Lightweight Plaster for inner coatingU-ValuesThe jutting heat loss will be calculated depending on the U-Values. The lower the value the better the stuff as is shown in L1A certification. This papers provides that if the U-Value is less than 0.2 W/m2K so grounds is needed to corroborate that the edifice design is feasible.DecisionExternal walls are considered to be thermic component. That being considered the chief intent of insularity is to conserve fuel and power in new home. It prevents the incursion of conditions to the internal surface of the wall. The added benefit of cut downing the proprietors carbon footmark by bettering the energy-efficiency of the place means that this is of great importance. This creates the advantage of dramatically cut downing the sum of heat needed for the life infinite. This means that unless heat is already generated by a heat pump the likeliness is that the place will necessitate gas, oil, coal or gas to bring forth heat. These all have their impact on the environment so decrease of usage is needed. The external wall is non merely for the inter benefit as a good external wall can add great beauty to the visual aspect of the edifice. Pitched RoofPitched roof is a type of the ceilings which consists of two surfaces slotted together from the terminal top of the walls to meet together in the top such as a corner ( jointly called roof ) required by the nature of the design and the type of building. The usage of such roofs is popular in countries of high rates of rain or snow and the chief intent of a pitched roof is to protect the house from the air current ( upwind opposition ) , rain and redirect H2O and snow every bit much as possible to conserve heat inside the house.Types of Roof Coverings:Asphalt Shingles, the asphalt herpes zosters still standard because they are economical, used on most roofs in many colorss, and may last for long clip.Metal, such as Steel, aluminum and Cu characterized solidness and low care.Wood Herpes zosters and Shakes, as friend of environment and is a popular pick for placesConcrete or Plain Tiles, tile is easier to utilize than concrete and roofing tiles are fire-retardant and easy to repair itSlate, it is really expensive but beautiful and resists fire and mold.There are two basic traditional types of pitched roof:Purlin pitched roof ( cut roof ) / Cut roof lumbers are made on site and edifice up the roof utilizing balks, ridge boards, joists and purlins where they are fixed in the locationRafter pitched roof ( truss roof ) / they are designed in the mill so delivered to put ready and complete and merely erected. Furthermore each type could be warm deck or cold deck.Trussed Rafters this type of roof is largely used for lodging and is presently designed by specializers in the industrial companies by utilizing computing machine design. After the completion of the design, the roof is moved to the site and easy installed in the specified topographic point. Trussed Rafters are fast and easy to sit and moreover can be designed so adding more suites in the roof is possible, called Attic trusses. So the recommendation would be to utilize Attic Truss ( room in the roof ) type of tied balks because it is speedy and easy to sit on site, roll uping in the mill as a fit quality for Attic trusses, specially designed to transport all extra weight. Roof truss exposures The benefits of Trussed Rafters:Suitable for many types of the roof constructionsFast building and on clip bringing which is cheaper than other due to the ready constituentsEasier repairing so non as much workSimple industry process’ cut down the emanations and pollutionThermal dielectric is better than others and more flexible than many other methods of roof buildingDecisionThe Pitched Roof is a really of import subdivision of the house so it must be built good, strong, stable and lasting. This means that the house will be protected from the outer clime factors such as the Sun, the air, the rain and snow. This besides will intend that the the spread of fire from house to house is reduced as the insularity will maintain the heat inside the house. This will back up warmth every bit much as possible because it is the chief country from the house where heat loss may go on. Pitched Roofs are able to back up tonss ( weights ) , the incline of the roof has a chief consequence on the aesthetics and the right coloring material is selected it will give the place a beautiful form. MentionsL1A Conservation of fuel and power in new homes hypertext transfer protocol: //australbricks.com/sustainability/the-benefits-of-bricks/ hypertext transfer protocol: //source4me.co.uk/calculate_cavity_wall.php hypertext transfer protocol: //www.glengery.com/brick-products? utm_source=glengerybrick.com & amp ; utm_medium=domain-referral & amp ; utm_campaign=301-redirect hypertext transfer protocol: //australbricks.com/getmedia/256750aa-5b5d-4e15-94e2-9cf896a23b73/Bricks-For-Living-Brochure.aspx/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.markgroup.co.uk/homeowners/insulation/cavity-wall-insulation? gclid=CPKMrd7A-cECFRMatAod0DsAjA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.planningportal.gov.uk/permission/commonprojects/externalwalls/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unitedinsulations.co.uk/cavity-wall-insulation-faq hypertext transfer protocol: //www.homeworksenergy.co.uk/external-wall-insulation/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greenhus.co.uk/about-external-wall-insulation/benefits-of-external-wall-insulation/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ask-hanson.com/u-value-calculator.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.diydata.com/general_building/roof_construction/roof_construction.php hypertext transfer protocol: //www.planningportal.gov.uk/permission/commonprojects/roof/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.builditgreen.co.uk/products-services/roof-finishes.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tra.org.uk/trussed-rafters.php? id=30 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fforest.co.uk/PDFs/wolf_systems_trussed_rafter_technical_manual.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.trada.co.uk/images/onlinebooks/7E93B0B4-0131-475E-8C39-563AD4FBF9E9/ hypertext transfer protocol: //great-home.co.uk/a-guide-to-roof-construction/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kingspaninsulation.co.uk/Services/Technical-Services-Department/U-value-Calculations.aspx Mike, R ; Alison, C ( 2014 ) .Construction Technology 1: House Construction. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Hampshire: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. 276-294. Numan Samha 1420688

Essay on Gender Role Bias in Advertising - 669 Words

Gender Role Bias in Advertising Gender role bias in advertisements has been so prevalent for so long that the untrained eye wouldnt even discern it. All the same, these biases, for the most part, put women in subordinate positions and men in dominant ones. This assumption on both the genders is unfair and demeaning. These ads portray women as subservient and play toys for men. Not only do the models depict an image nowhere near close to reality, but their bodies are scantily clad and what few clothes they are wearing are very revealing. These roles for females represent what the advertisement industry believe buyers deem as the real world. As Goffman asked, What messages about women have been given to society through magazine†¦show more content†¦With my ad, relative size plays a part in which the male is obviously larger than the female and he towers over her petite frame. For feminine touch, the male has a clenched fist on her shoulder and the other hand on a tree. His entire arm is holding her body in its place. This body language says that the male is in charge and takes an aggressive stance over her, while the girl just stands there limply and leaning on the tree. Its as if she would fall over if he werent there to hold her up. For function ranking, the male is clearly in the managerial position, as he seems to be overpowering her in every way. For licensed withdrawal, the girl featured seems as though she has left her body psychologically for the male counterpart to simply ravish. As in many rape cases, victims have stated that while they are being raped, their mind leaves their body as not to experience the horrible psychological or even physical pain occurring. This ad depicts a girl who does not seem present in the situation with a dazed look on her face and a motionless body. The family aspect doesnt exactly correspond with this particular ad, as a family is not present. With nearly all of the frame analysis characteristics satisfied from this one ad, one must assume that although leaps and bounds of efforts have been made by society to free women from stereotypical gender roles, advertisers are still relying upon their subordination as a tool in the attempt to sell a wide varietyShow MoreRelatedPatriarchal Society : An Critique Of The Environmental Influence Of Gender Bias973 Words   |  4 PagesPatriarchal Society: An Analysis of the Environmental Influence of Gender Bias in Advertisements This study will define the environmental influence of patriarchal societal values on women that create an undue gender bias in popular culture. In â€Å"Sex and Molecules†, the narrow view of sex identity through a â€Å"scientific† view of biology defines the limitations of gender roles in a patriarchal society: â€Å"And â€Å"biology† excludes the dynamic interweaving of our physical beings with our experience withinRead MoreAdvertising And Its Impact On Society1178 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication in the world ... sport cuts right through the differences of age, education, language, gender, and social and economic status, all those differences that tend to divide usâ€Å". Yet when it comes to advertising these differences are not put aside, especially in terms of gender and race. According to Schroeder Borgerson (1998), advertising is quite significant when influencing, building and illustrating consumers vision of the goodRead MoreSexism Within Advertising : A New Era Of Social Justice1397 Words   |  6 Pagesof completely eradicating them will be even more difficult. An example of these mistreatments is sexism in advertising. Sexism is obviously apparent in advertising due to the fact that it solidifies toxic gender roles, introduces women as objects that can merely be bought, and sexualizes normal woman processes. Gender stereotyping may be one of the most common forms of sexism in advertising. These stereotypes can be broken down into three categories: the stereotype that portrays women as house workersRead MoreThe Magazine And Interest Sources Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagestalk about shoes†. The ad reinforces the stereotype that women are not smart or intelligent enough to want to discuss things outside of the typecast gender role specific interests like shoes. The second and third asvestising are very similar because they are for the same product Milk. According to the ad Milk can reduce the symptoms of PMS. The advertising consist of different men who appear frightened holding cartons of milk. They are offering the milk to their apparently angry partner that is havingRead MoreToys Should Not Be Gender Biased Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesheavy influence of gender stereotypes and let the child discover how they want to represent themselves. A large divide between little boys and girls is shown in the toy industry. The retail chain Target recognized the influence of the gender bias toys and the impact they have on children and parents and began neutralizing labels within the toy department. Toys should not be gender biased because gender stereotyping has wavered back and forth over the past fifty years. Gender-biased toys can haveRead MoreImpact Of Media On Gender And The Media1303 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Media on Gender Annie Hernandez Keiser University August 13, 2014 Abstract Boys and girls have for long spans of time considered themselves to be different. The media and advertising has played a significant role to make sure that they influence the way that boys and girls view themselves. Society has always had a main focus on getting people to behave in certain ways, the media has been magnificent at causing each gender to classify themselves in particular waysRead MorePositional Bias Is Rampant In All Types Of Businesses.1257 Words   |  6 PagesPositional bias is rampant in all types of businesses. The termination of employees needs to be handled without bias. Out dated views is also a factor. One of the female employee said that she was once associated with a company that required women to wear dresses and pantyhose while the men there was no dress code. Women can be professional without dresses and hose just as men can be professional without a tie. Sexual harassment is the danger zone that you might encounter in gender discriminationRead MoreEssay about Nursing: Why Not Men?1084 Words   |  5 PagesStates currently lacks testosterone (the male hormone) in the nursing field. The subject is something many people have thought about at least once in their lives. Some may argue nursing is a career meant for a woman, while others may argue it is a non-gender specified career option. Either way, the world has come to accept the lack of men in nursing. The nursing profession should be for both men and women, but society puts a stereotype on the ‘average nurse’ preventing men from being accepted into thisRead MoreWomen s Media A nd Gender Roles1492 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular power and values (Stirinati, 2006). Although the representation of women is not a copy of reality, mass media act as image and message,’ should be’ a reflection or representation of society (Hollows, 2000). This contributes to condemn gender role in the media and in real society, which leads women to be annihilated and limited in the media. In 1978, Gaye Tuchman called women’s in media situation ‘symbolic annihilation’ of women (Stirinati, 2006). This refers to the way mass media and representationsRead MoreGender Roles Seen in Toys Essay1860 Words   |  8 PagesGender Roles and Toys By Shawna Robb English 101 Professor Solomon One room has pretty pink wallpaper with a princess border; the other is blue with monster trucks on one-wall and sports pictures on another. It is not hard to tell which room is female and which room is male. Male and female are used in this instance to define genders. Gender, unlike sex, is a universal guideline upon which individuals are placed. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behavior, and activities

Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil - 996 Words

EXPERIMENT 4: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to take methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil) and by heating it under reflux with NaOH as a solvent, and then cooling the mixture with H2SO4 as another solvent, synthesize salicylic acid. The final step involves purify the product to produce as pure a sample of salicylic acid as possible. This process allowed for the successful production of 1.406g salicylic acid, an 82.70% yield. The NMR and IR both produced images that correlate with the known spectrums indicating a pure product. The melting point range was slightly wider, though did encompass the accepted melting point values. Discussion: Reaction OH O OCH3 2) H2SO4 1) 2NaOH OH†¦show more content†¦These two can share this single peak because the hydrogens are constantly swapping places with each other due to their position within the molecular structure and if the NMR was magnified, two peaks could be seen. Assignment 2: The peak located at 8.0 ppm is a doublet peak assigned to the hydrogen bonded to carbon on the aromatic ring closest to the carboxylic group. It is shifted .5-.6 ppm downfield of where hydrogens on a benzene ring would normally appear due to de-shielding by the nearby carboxyl group. Assignment 3: The 7.5 ppm triplet peak is indicative of the hydrogen bonded to carbon on the aromatic ring closest to the phenol group, again due to de-shielding by the nearby phenol group. The extra peak is likely due to the interaction of the O-H bond with the C-H bond. Assignment 4: 6.9 ppm has a triplet peak and is assigned to the two remaining C-H bonds on the aromaticShow MoreRelatedSynthesis Of Organic Compounds : Synthesis862 Words   |  4 Pages Laboratory 5: Synthesis of Organic Compounds Introduction: In this experiment, aspirin will be synthesized from salicylic acid using acetic anhydride. The sodium salt was initially prescribed for its antipyretic and analgesic effects, but the salt was too irritating to the stomach, so a phenyl ester version was developed as a replacement. The esterified version passed successfully through the acidic stomach without irritation. It was hydrolyzed in the basic environmentRead MoreLack Of Crystals Forming During The Ice Bath Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagespoint range of 169 oC - 171 oC therefore indication that the final product still had traces of 4-Aminophenol and thus is not pure enough to be taken as medication because Aminophenol can be harmful to humans. Conclusion: In conclusion, the aim; to synthesis Acetaminophen (Panadol) and calculate its purity was achieved as there was a moderate percentage yield of 64.07% which allowed for the melting point and thus the purity to be measured. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is the process of separatingRead More#15 Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid1543 Words   |  7 Pages#15 Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid ____________________________________________________________ _______________ Purpose: Salicylic acid is converted to the liquid ethyl salicylate by addition of ethanol. Yields of salicylic acid (week 1) and ethyl salicylate will be found, as well as the overall yield of the 2-step conversion of acetyl salicylic acid to ethyl salicylate. Introduction: Esters are formed from the reaction of acids and alcohols: O O Read MoreSynthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of Its Purity and Dissociation Constant4209 Words   |  17 PagesSynthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of its Purity and Dissociation Constant ------------------------------------------------- Abstract The purpose of the study is to synthesize salicylic acid from the ester, methyl salicylate, and determine the acid’s dissociation constant and purity. The ester was converted to salicylic acid by base hydrolysis. The products were refluxed and recrystallized, to ensure maximum purity, and filtered, dried, and weighed. The melting pointRead MoreChemistry F334 : Whats in the Medicine2814 Words   |  12 Pagesproblems for 13.4 part b Revised activity WM3 Answers to questions for revised activity WM3 Revised check your notes Revised map of the unit 2 3 6 7 9 10 11 WM  © Harcourt Education Ltd 2004 Salters Advanced Chemistry These pages have been downloaded from www.heinemann.co.uk/science 1 Notes for students and teachers Chemical Storylines At the end of WM3 on page 109: 1. Instead of Chemical Ideas 13.4 read 13.4 part b, which is available on the Heinemann website. 2. Read Section 13.5 in your Chemical

Animal Cruelty And Animal Experimentation - 1610 Words

Human curiosity of functions of the body have been continuously quenched by experimenting and testing on animals. According to Professor Nuno Henrique Franco from the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of the University of Porto in Rua do Campo Alegre, humans have based their medical research, and later chemical testing, on animal experimentation. The first experiments that were performed can be considered crude and a few were perhaps excessively damaging to their subjects, and a handful of later testing was for cosmetic purposes. Consequently, the lives of countless animals have been lost and, unfortunately, many experienced pain during experiments. These experiments received much criticism from people who enjoy the accompany of animals. The public demanded a closer examination on the treatment of animals, and the relatively recent cases of animal cruelty brought to the attention of the media, thanks to animal rights groups like PETA, only further fueled the cause. Many still v iew the experiments as a type of exploitation and a common belief is that the performed experiments are always incredibly cruel and brutal. While it rings true that the many experiments that were done in the early days brought unnecessarily pain to the animals and the number of animals used were too large, animal experimentation has evolved and the many laws and regulations were implanted in an attempt to control the experiments justify them. Mainly, the Animal Welfare Act of 1961 took effect andShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation : Animal Cruelty2406 Words   |  10 Pages Research Essay: Animal Experimentation An innocent baby animal is ripped from its mothers arms and dragged by its neck after being locked up in a cold, lonely cellar on its way to the experimentation room where scientists will stick a variety of needles filled with possibly deadly medicine into its delicate skin. In a laboratory a ways down the street is another baby animal being tranquilized with a numbing gun in order for the animals to be tested with no pain gently lifted from its cageRead More The Cruelty of Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cruelty of Animal Testing and the Need for Alternative Methods In his book Inhumane Society: The American Way of Exploiting Animals, Dr. Michael W. Fox estimates that twenty-five to thirty-five million animals are used in the United States each year for laboratory testing and research (58). Research involving tests done on animals is unnecessary and cruel. More humane methods of research need to be employed. Fox states that animal tests on cosmetics and household products are nothingRead MoreAnimals for Research and Experimentation678 Words   |  3 Pages100 million animals are used for research and experimentation on around the world every year. Apart from all the benefits of animal testing there are many good reasons which support banning the experimentations on animals such as: animal cruelty, selfishness, and danger of using the experiments result. Therefore animal experimentation should be banned. These days, animal testing has brought a lot of issues in the society. The first and foremost argument that is presented against animal testing dealsRead MoreHello1309 Words   |  6 PagesMorality of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicine made it possible to ban animal experimentation completely,Read MoreThe Fight Against Animal Testing1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fight Against Animal Testing in Cosmetics The makeup industry has flourished for as long as one can remember. The popularity of beauty bloggers, celebrity makeup lines, etc. have actually led to a record-breaking boost in makeup sales. Cosmetic brands have become more prominent, and makeup stores such as Sephora and Ulta continue to thrive. However, various demands must be met in order to keep up with the growing consumership, and one of the most controversial topics contributing to the successRead MoreThe Use Of Scientific Testing On Animals1503 Words   |  7 Pageshumans have used animals as means of learning more about the world. The first known vivisection was done by a Greek philosopher, Alcmaeon, in 450 B. C. E (â€Å"Animal Testing† NP). Since then, animals have had invasives tests performed on them, been killed, and been experimented on in the name of science or for profit. Some experiments are in order to demonstrate already known facts to students, others are to further medical knowledge, and some are to test drugs and cosmetics (â€Å"Animal Testing† NP). ScientificRead MoreAnimal Experimentation : The End Of Animal Testing1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe experimentation of animals has been used for a multitude of years for research to advance a scientific understanding of a living organism. To this day animals are being tested on for the use of human products. In 3D-printing human skin: The end of animal testing? by Jessica Mendoza, Speculative Philosophy, the Troubled Middle, and the Ethics of Animal Experimentation by Strachan Donnelley, â€Å"Animals and Medical Science: A Vision of a New Era† by David O. Wiebers, Cruelty-free cosmetics benefitRead MoreArguments Against Animal Testing1157 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to mind when thinking about animal experimentation? Thoughts of innocent, lovable animals being stabbed with sharp needles? Well, that is not exactly the case, as animal experimentation plays a very important role in human health today. However, t he idea of animals testing has become quite a controversial topic. Over the past few decades, there has been an extensive debate over the use of animals in medical and product testing. The majority of people seem to think that it is an unnecessaryRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Biomedical Ethics Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal activists and scientists experience ongoing conflict between animal experimentation and biomedical ethics. Animal testing is one of the oldest methods of experimentation. In the 1980s, the animal rights movement and the argument surrounding the ethics came under fire. As a result of this movement, the experimental procedures became public, giving more incentive to the activists and momentum to their cause. The ethics of animal experimentation come into question in everything from beauty productsRead MoreHave You Ever Seen A Cruelty Free Symbol In The Shape Of1430 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever seen a cruelty free symbol in the shape of a rabbit on the back of a shampoo bottle? That means the bottle’s contents were made without it being tested on an animal first. But what if the symbol wasn’t on the bottle? Have you ever thought of what would happen to that bunny you would usually see in a pet store? To answer this question, commonly, animals put through experimentation are put through force feeding, food deprivation, and inflictions of wounds. That bunny probably is not okay

Isolation of Eugenol Essential Oil from Clove Buds Using Steam Distillation free essay sample

The main volatile oil extracted from clove buds is eugenol. It is used in a variety of ways in traditional medicine and can be isolated successfully using a variety of methods. Isolation was performed using steam distillation. A 3. 0% yield of eugenol oil was observed during the experiment. Introduction Eugenol is an essential oil with a formula of C10H12O2 and a member of the phenylpropanoid family. It is mainly found and isolated from cloves or bay leaves and presents as a colorless or pale yellow oily compound. Essential oils and extracts of various species of plants, herbs, and spices constitute very potent natural biologically active agents (1). Many of these compounds are volatile and are able to undergo steam distillation in order to isolate the oil. Eugenol has a boiling point of approximately 248Â ° C, but can be isolated from cloves at a lower temperature by performing a co-distillation with water. The eugenol is extracted from the water using an organic solvent, in this experiment dichloromethane (DCM) was used. We will write a custom essay sample on Isolation of Eugenol Essential Oil from Clove Buds Using Steam Distillation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once the organic layer has been separated from the aqueous layer and dried, the oil can be isolated. The amount of eugenol oil obtained experimentally with this method was 0. 09 grams and the percent recovery of eugenol oil was 3. 0%. Materials and Methods The clove buds were purchased from a local store and did not list a lot number. A steam distillation apparatus was set up as described by Pavia et al (2) using a 100-mL round-bottom flask (Kimax USA, 25277-100, 19/22[ST]) to distill and a 50-mL round-bottom flask (Kimax USA, 25277-50, 19/22[ST]) to collect. A Kimax USA, 19/22 ground glass joint distillation head (No. 44993-A) and vacuum connector (No. 45005-A) was used in conjunction with Pyrex west condenser (Product #2155-19). The distillation flask was placed on a 120V heating mantle (Model HM0050-HS1, Size 4002, 0. 50 A/ 60 W, Lot # 98876/13, Phase 1). Approximately 3. 0 grams of clove buds were obtained, recording the exact weight. The spice was then ground and mixed with 35-40 mL of water in the boiling flask along with a boiling stone (Chemware PTFE, Lot. :D1069103) allowing the spice to soak in the water for about 15 minutes before beginning the distillation. The mixture was distilled until 15 mL of distillate was collected. Extraction was performed using 5 mL methylene chloride (Fisher Scientific, Lot: 114851) in a separatory funnel (Kimax USA, 1 liter, #27 stopcock). A saturated sodium chloride solution (1. 0 mL, UNF Chemistry Department) was used to further separate the aqueous layer from the organic layer. Extraction was performed twice using 5. 0 mL DCM, transferring the organic layer to a clean Erlenmeyer flask (Fisherbrand, 50 mL, FB-500-50). This was sufficient enough to separate the distillate from the aqueous layer. Drying was accomplished over a 15 minute period using about 1 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate (Fisherbrand, S421-1, Lot: 108250). The dried organic layer was decanted to a clean, tared test tube using small amount of DCM to rinse the drying agent. Air was passed over the solution, evaporating the methylene chloride and yielding eugenol oil. Results Percent yield of eugenol oil:After drying the organic layer and evaporating the DCM 0. 90 g of eugenol oil was observed remaining in the test tube. The percent yield of eugenol essential oil from 3. 00g clove buds was 3. 0% Discussion Using steam distillation as a technique to isolate eugenol oil from clove buds in this experiment produced average results when compared to the expected percent yield of approximately 10%. This was most likely due to human error in technique while separating or drying the organic layer. Other methods of isolation such as the use of supercritical CO2 using a Speed SFE instrument to control the pressure of the reaction (3). In future experiments more time would be an integral factor. Further experimentation could be done by analyzing how pure the isolated eugenol oil was and how it’s functional groups define it as a phenylpropanoid.